PRONOUN
A WORD WHICH IS USED IN PLACE OF NOUN IS CALLED PRONOUN.
PRONOUN IS A SUBTITUTE OF NOUN.
NOUN की बार बार REPEATATION होने के कारण हमारी WRITING SKILL DEVELOP नहीं हो
पाती इसलिए NOUN की REPEATATION को
रोकने के लिए PRONOUN का USE किया जाता
है ताकि हमारी WRITING SKILL EFFECTIVE बने
RAM IS
MY BEST FRIEND. RAM IS MY CLASSMATE. RAM IS VERY INTELLIGENT BOY. RAM IS VERY
GOOD AT STUDY. RAM RESPECTS THE ELDERS.
RAM IS
MY BEST FRIEND. HE IS MY CLASSMATE. HE IS VERY INTELLIGENT BOY. HE IS GOOD AT
STUDY. HE RESPECTS ELDERS.
NOUN और PRONOUN के बीच NUMBER और GENDER
का AGREEMENT होता है
NUMBER è SINGULAR, PLURAL
GENDER è MALE, FEMALE
SINGULAR
MALE के लिए HE आता है
MOHAN
IS MY FRIEND. HE IS A GOOD BOY
SINGULAR
FEMALE के लिए SHE आता है
AAKANSHA
IS MY BEST FRIEND. SHE IS VERY INTELLIGENT.
NON
LIVING SINGULAR के लिए IT का USE किया जाता है
I
BOUGHT A BOOK AND PUT IT IN THE BAG
NON
LIVING PLURAL के लिए THEY का USE किया जाता है
I BOUGHT SOME BOOKS. THEY HAVE
GREEN COVERS.
I BOUGHT SOME BOOKS AND PUT THEM
INTO THE BAG.
NOTE è PLURAL NOUN चाहे LIVING हो या NON
LIVING दोनों ही CONDITION मे THEY USE
किया जाएगा
ENGLISH PRONOUN मे तीन PERSON होते है
1ST PERSON è I, WE
2ND PERSON è YOU
3RD PERSON è HE, SHE, THEY
ETC यानि की I, WE, YOU, को छोडकर बाकी सभी 3RD PERSON होते है
SENTENCE मे एक से अधिक PRONOUN आने पर
उनका क्रम è
यदि SENTENCE का SENSE POSITIVE आ रहा है तो PRONOUN का क्रम 231 होगा
यदि SENTENCE का SENSE NEGATIVE आ रहा है तो PRONOUN का क्रम 123 होगा
I, HE AND YOU ARE CRIMINALS. [ W ]
I, YOU AND HE ARE CRIMINALS. [ R
]
YOU, HE AND I ARE GUILTY. [ W ]
I, YOU AND HE ARE GUILTY. [ R ]
I, YOU AND HE SHOULD START A NEW BUSUNESS. [ W ]
YOU, HE AND I SHOULD START A NEW BUSINESS. [ R ]
I AND GEETA ARE GOING FOR A PICNIC.
[ W ]
GEETA AND I ARE GOING FOR A PICNIC.
[ R ]
GEETA AND I ARE MAKING A NOISE.
[ W ]
I AND GEETA ARE MANKING A NOISE. [
R ]
I, YOU AND HE MADE A MISTAKE. [ R
]
I, YOU AND HE HAVE FAILED IN THE EXAM.
[ R ]
I, YOU AND HE ARE GOOD FRIENDS. [
W ]
YOU, HE AND I ARE GOOD FRIENDS. [
R ]
NOTE è जब वाक्य मे केवल दो PRONOUN ही आए तो
उनका क्रम
NEGATIVE SENSE HONE पर -- 12, 23, 13
POSITIVE SENSE होने पर -- 23, 21, 31
NOTE è SENSE NEGATIVE से मतलब वाक्य का
भाव नकारात्मक होना चाहिए चाहे उसमे कोई NEGATIVE WORD हो या
ना हो
PRONOUN TABLE
SUBJECTIVE PRONOUN
1ST FORM
|
OBJECTIVE PRONOUN
2ND FORM
|
POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVE
3RD FORM
|
POSSESSIVE PRONOUN
4TH FORM
|
I
|
ME
|
MY
|
MINE
|
WE
|
US
|
||
SUBJECTIVE PRONOUN
1ST FORM
|
OBJECTIVE PRONOUN
2ND FORM
|
POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVE
3RD FORM
|
POSSESSIVE PRONOUN
4TH FORM
|
I
|
ME
|
MY
|
MINE
|
WE
|
US
|
OUR
|
OURS
|
YOU
|
YOU
|
YOUR
|
YOURS
|
THEY
|
THEM
|
THEIS
|
THEIRS
|
HE
|
HIM
|
HIS
|
HIS
|
SHE
|
HER
|
HER
|
HERS
|
IT
|
IT
|
ITS
|
-------------------
|
PRONOUN की 1ST FORM का USE
SUBJECT के रूप मे किया जाता है और 2ND FORM का USE OBJECT के रूप मे किया जाता है
HE GAVE I A BOOK. [ W ]
HE GAVE ME A BOOK. [ R ]
PRONOUN की 3RD अपने साथ NOUN
लेती है लेकिन 4TH FORM अपने साथ NOUN
नहीं लेती
3RD FORM के तुरंत बाद NOUN आता है लेकिन 4TH
FORM के बाद NOUN न आकर उससे पहले ही आ जाता
है और 4TH FORM और NOUN के
बीच या तो OF PREPOSITION होगा या फिर BE की कोई FORM [ IS, AM, ARE, WAS, WERE ] होगी
THIS IS MINE CAR. [ W ]
THIS CAR IS MY. [ W ]
THIS IS MY CAR [ R ]
THIS CAR IS MINE. [ R ]
THIS BOY IS HIS. [ R ]
YOU SHOULD LOVE YOUR COUNTRY.
ONE SHOULD LOVE ONE’S COUNTRY.
ONE की 3RD FORM ONE’S और ONE
का PLURAL होता है ONES
SINGULAR NOUN के लिए ONE का USE किया जाता है और PLURAL NOUN के लिए ONES का USE किया जाता
है
ONE OF THEM FORGOT THERE BAG IN THE SCHOOL. [W]
ONE OF THEM FORGOT HIS BAG IN THE SCHOOL.
[R]
SMALL CAR IS MORE ICONOMICAL THAN BIG CAR.
[R]
SMALL CAR IS MORE ICONOMICAL THAN BIG ONES.
[W]
SMALL CAR IS MORE ICONOMICAL THAN BIG ONE. [R]
SMALL CARS IS MORE ICONOMICAL THAN BIG ONES. [R]
RED SIGNAL IS MORE IFFECTIVE THAN BLUE ONE.
[R]
ONE SHOULD DO ONE’S DUTY. [R]
PARKER PENS ARE BETTER THAN CELLO ONES.
[R]
ONE SHOULD FIND ONE’S FAULT FIRST.
[R]
HONDA CAR IS MORE EXPENSIVE THAN MARUTI ONE
THAT OF / THOSE OF è
THE CLIMATE OF KASHMIR IS BETTER THAN KERELA. [W]
उपर दिया वाक्य देखने मे भले सही लग रहा होगा लेकिन फिर भी
वाक्य गलत है । क्योकि वाक्य मे तुलना समान वस्तुओ मे नहीं की गई एक तरफ तो CLIMATE OF KASHMIR की बात की गई है जबकि दूसरी और KERELA
को रखा गया । इसलिए तुलना नहीं हो सकती । हा अगर बात CLIMATE
OF KERELA की होती तो वाक्य सही होता ।
THE CLIMATE OF KASHMIR IS BETTER THAN THE CLIMATE OF KERELA. [R]
उपर दिया गया वाक्य तो सही है लेकिन EFFECTIVE नहीं है इस कारण वाक्य मे THE CLIMATE OF
KERELA की जगह केवल THAT OF का USE किया जाएगा ।
THE CLIMATE OF KASHMIRIS IS BETTER THAN THAT OF KERELA. [R]
यदि NOUN SINGULAR है तो THAT OF का USE किया
जाएगा, PLURAL होने पर THOSE OF
का USE किया जाएगा ।
THE SAREES OF BANARAS ARE BETTER THAN THOSE OF DELHI. [R]
THE GHEE OF HARIYANA ARE BETTER THAN THOSE OF RAJASTHAN. [W]
THE GHEE OF HARIYANA IS BETTER THAN THAT OF RAJASTHAN. [ क्योकि GHEE
SINGULAR है ]
TYPES OF PRONOUN è
PERSONAL PRONOUN à I, WE, YOU, THEY, HE, SHE, IT.
PERSONAL PRONOUN का USE SUBJECT के रूप
मे किया जाता है
I AM GOING TO DELHI. HE IS READING A BOOK. SHE IS EATING. IT IS MOVING.
WE ARE PLAYING CRICKET.
INDEFINITIVE PRONOUN à SOMEONE, SOMEBODY, EVERYONE, EVERYBODY, ANYONE, ANYBODY, NO ONE, NOBODY [ PERSON के लिए USE किए जाते
है ] SOMETHING, ANYTHING, EVERYTHING, NOTHING [ THINGS
के लिए USE किए जाते है ]
SOMEONE HAS STOLEN MY BIKE.
SOMETHING IS BETTER THAN NOTHING.
PERSON के लिए USE किए गए PRONOUN के लिए HE, HIS, HIMSELF, SHE, HER, HERSELF मे से USE करते है THINGS के
लिए USE किए जाने पर IT, IT’S, ITSELF का USE किया जाता है ।
EVERYONE SHOULD LOVE HIS COUNTRY.
EVERYTHING HAS IT’S OWN IMPORTENCE.
DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUN à THIS, THAT, THESE, THOSE
THIS का USE नजदीक की SINGULAR के लिए किया जाता है
THAT का USE दूर के PLURAL के लिए किया जाता है
THESE का USE नजदीक के PLURAL के लिए किया जाता है
THOSE का USE दूर के PLURAL के लिए किया जाता है
THIS IS MY BOOK. THESE ARE MY
BOOKS. THAT IS MY BOOK. THOSE ARE MY BOOKS.
DISTRIBUTIVE PRONOUN à EACH, EVERY, EITHER, NEITHER.
EACH और EVERY के साथ NOUN, PRONOUN, VERB तीनों SINGULAR आते है { क्योकि EACH और EVERY
के द्वारा हम प्रत्येक की अलग से बात करते है }
EACH PATIENT WAS LYING ON HIS BED.
EVERY FLOWER HAS PROCLAIMS THE GLORY OF GOD
è जब EACH के साथ OF PREPOSITION भी आ जाए तो NOUN
PLURAL और PRONOUN, VERB SINGULAR आती है
EACH OF THE BOYS WAS PRESENT IN THE CLASS.
EITHER à दो मे से कोई एक
NEITHER à दो मे से कोई भी नहीं
EITHER OF THE TWO WORKERS WAS LABOURIOUS.
NEITHER OF THE TWO STUDENTS WAS INTELLIGENT.
ANYONE à दो से ज्यादा मे से कोई एक
NO ONE à दो से ज्यादा मे
से कोई नहीं
ANYONE OF THE 3 WORKERS WAS LABOURIOUS.
NO ONE OF THE 4 STUDENTS WAS INTELLIGENT.
RECIPROCAL PRONOUN à EACH OTHER [ दो के लिए ],
ONE ANOTHER [ दो से ज्यादा के लिए ]
RAM NAD MOHAN ARE FRIEND. THEY LIKE EACH OTHER. [ THEY
के कारण PERSON दो ही COUNT होंगे ]
RAM AND MOHAN ARE MY FRIENDS. WE LIKE ONE ANOTHER. [ WE
के कारण तीनों COUNT होंगे ]
RELATIVE PRONOUN à WHO, WHICH, THAT.
SUBJECTIVE WHO WHICH THAT
OBJECTIVE WHOM WHICH THAT
POSSESSIVE WHOSE OF
WHICH -------
WHO MURDERED RAM?
THE BOY WHO HELPED YOU IS MY FRIEND. [R]
IT IS I WHO IS BLAME TO YOU. [W]
दिया गए वाक्य मे I के बाद WHO और WHO के बाद IS
का USE किया गया है जोकि गलत है क्योकि यहा पर
IS का प्रयोग नहीं होगा बल्कि AM का USE
होगा । क्योकि
RELATIVE PRONOUN अपने से ठीक पहले वाले NOUN या PRONOUN के लिए आता है इसे ENGLISH मे ANTECEDENT कहते है । यानि की RELATIVE
PRONOUN के बाद जो भी VERB आएगी वह ANTECEDENT
के ACCORDING आएगी
IT IS I WHO AM BLAME TO YOU. [R]
THIS IS THE BEST EVENT THAT HAVE HAPPENED IN THIS CENTURY. [W]
THIS IS THE BEST EVENT THAT HAS HAPPENED IN THIS CENTURY. [R]
HE IS ONE OF MY BEST FRIENDS THAT
HAS A BMW CAR.
THIS IS ONE OF THE BEST EVENTS THAT
HAS HAPPENED IN THIS CENTURY.
VERB से ठीक पहले RELATIVE PRONOUN की SUBJECTIVE
FORM का USE किया जाता है
THE BOY WHO MET YOU YESTERDAY IS MY FRIEND.
THE BOY WHOM YOU MET YESTERDAY IS MY KNOWN.
WHOSE NOUN से पहले USE किया जाता है
THE BOY WHOSE FATHER IS A DOCTOR IS MY FRIEND.
THE BOOK WHICH IS ON THE TABLE IS MINE.
THE BOOK WHICH YOU GAVE ME YESTERDAY IS VERY INTERESTING.
OF WHICH NOUN के बाद प्रयोग किया जाता है
THE TABLE, THE LEGS OF WHICH ARE BROKEN IS VERY OLD.
THAT à THAT का USE
PERSON AND THINGS दोनों के लिए किया जाता है इसलिए WHO, WHOME, WHICH तीनों की जगह THAT
का USE किया जा सकता है
THE BOY THAT YOU MET YESTERDAY IS MY FRIEND.
THE BOY THAT MET YOU YESTERDAY IS MY KNOWN.
THE BOOK THAT ON THE TABLE IS MINE.
THE BOOK THAT YOU GAVE ME YESTERDAY IS VERY INTERESTING.
u SPECIAL USE OF THAT è
SUPERLATIVE DEGREE के साथ
THIS IS THE BEST EVENT THAT HAS HAPPENED IN THIS CENTURY.
IT IS / IT WAS के साथ
IT IS THE MILK THAT I HAVE ORDERED.
यदि दो NOUN AND से जुड़े हो एक PERSON हो और एक ANIMAL तो THAT का USE किया जाता है
THE LADY AND HER PET DOG THAT CAME HERE YESTERDAY WERE DIED IN AN ACCIDENT.
SAME / ONLY
THIS IS THE SAME BOOK THAT I SAW IN THE BOOK FAIR.
MAN IS THE ONLY ANIMAL THAT CAN TALK.
THIS IS THE SAME PERSON THAT I SAW IN THE NEWS.
THE FEW / THE LITTLE / EVERYTHING / ANYTHING
I HAVE READ THE FEW BOOKS WHICH WERE IN ALMIRAH. [W]
I HAVE READ THE FEW BOOKS THAT WERE IN ALMIRAH. [R]
MY WIFE HAS SPENT THE LITTLE MONEY THAT I GAVE HER YESTERDAY.
MY FATHER GAVE ME EVERYTHING THAT HE HAD.
सबसे ज्यादा THAT RELATIVE
PRONOUN का USE किया जाता है ।
REFLEXIVE PRONOUN à SELF और SELVES वाले PRONOUN [ MYSELF, HIMSELF, HERSELF,
ITSELF, ONESELF, YOURSELF, OURSELVES, THEMSELVES, YOURSELVES ]
OURSELF AND THEMSELF à ये दोनों शब्द ENGLISH मे होते ही नहीं
है
WE SHOULD PROTECT OURSELVES FROM CANCER.
YOU SHOULD PROTECT YOURSELF FROM CANCER.
ALL OF YOU PROTECT YOURSELVES FROM CANCER.
कुछ लोग नाम बताने के लिए MYSELF का USE करते है जो की बिलकुल गलत है [ SPOKEN मे भले ही इसे सही माना जाता है परंतु GRAMMAR
के ACCORDING ये गलत है ]
MYSELF RAJVEER SINGH.
[W]
MY NAME IS RAJVEER SINGH.
[R]
I AM RAJVEER SINGH. [R]
REFLEXIVE PRONOUN का USE SUBJECT के रूप मे नहीं होता
GEETA AND MYSELF HAVE PERFORMED IN THE CONTEST. [W]
I AND GEETA HAVE PERFORMED IN THE CONTEST. [W]
GEETA AND I PERFORMED IN THE CONTEST.
[R]
I ENJOYED THE PARTY.
I ENJOYED IN THE PARTY
I ENJOYED MYSELF IN THE PARTY.
